Definisi Ibrani 5775-5799

5775
5775 Tense - Imperfect

    The imperfect tense generally represents continual or repeated
    action.  Where the present tense might indicate "they are
    asking," the imperfect would indicate "they kept on asking."

    In the case of the verb "to be," however, the imperfect tense
    is used as a general past tense and does not carry the
    connotation of continual or repeated action.

5776
5776 Tense - Future

    The future tense corresponds to the English future, and
    indicates the contemplated or certain occurrence of an event
    which has not yet occurred.

5777
5777 Tense - Aorist

    The aorist tense is characterized by its emphasis on punctiliar
    action; that is, the concept of the verb is considered without
    regard for past, present, or future time.  There is no
    direct or clear English equivalent for this tense, though it is
    generally rendered as a simple past tense in most translations.

    The events described by the aorist tense are classified into a
    number of categories by grammarians.  The most common of these
    include a view of the action as having begun from a certain
    point ("inceptive aorist"), or having ended at a certain point
    ("cumulative aorist"), or merely existing at a certain point
    ("punctiliar aorist").  The categorization of other cases can
    be found in Greek reference grammars.

    The English reader need not concern himself with most of these
    finer points concerning the aorist tense, since in most cases
    they cannot be rendered accurately in English translation,
    being fine points of Greek exegesis only.  The common practice
    of rendering an aorist by a simple English past tense should
    suffice in most cases.

5778
5778 Tense - Perfect

    The perfect tense in Greek corresponds to the perfect tense in
    English, and describes an action which is viewed as having been
    completed in the past, once and for all, not needing to be
    repeated.

    Jesus' last cry from the cross, TETELESTAI ("It is finished!")
    is a good example of the perfect tense used in this sense,
    namely "It [the atonement] has been accomplished, completely,
    once and for all time."

    Certain antiquated verb forms in Greek, such as those related
    to seeing (eidw) or knowing (oida) will use the perfect tense
    in a manner equivalent to the normal past tense.  These few
    cases are exception to the normal rule and do not alter the
    normal connotation of the perfect tense stated above.

5779
5779 Tense - Pluperfect

    The pluperfect tense in Greek occurs rarely.  It corresponds
    in a single Greek word to the sense of the English pluperfect,
    which indicates an event viewed as having been once and for
    all accomplished in past time.  In contrast, the perfect tense
    reflects the final completion of an action at the present
    moment described.

    In translation the Greek pluperfect may not always follow the
    rendering of the English pluperfect, due to excessive wordiness.
    The English pluperfect is normally formed with the past tense
    of the "helping" verbs "to have" or "to be," plus the past
    participle, e.g., "He had finished."   The English perfect
    is formed by the present tense of the helping verb plus the
    past participle, e.g., "He has finished."

5780
5780 Tense - Second Aorist

    The "second aorist" tense is identical in meaning and
    translation to the normal or "first" aorist tense.  The only
    difference is in the form of spelling the words in Greek, and
    there is no effect upon English translation.

    See "Aorist" # 5777

5781
5781 Tense - Second Future

    The "second future" is identical in meaning to that of the
    normal or "first" future tense.  The classification merely
    reflects a spelling variation in Greek of the "first future"
    tense, and has no effect on English meaning beyond that of the
    normal future.

    See "Future" # 5776

5782
5782 Tense - Second Perfect

    The second perfect is identical in meaning to that of the
    normal or "first" perfect tense, and has no additional effect
    on English translation.  The classification merely represents
    a spelling variation in Greek.

    See "Perfect" # 5778

5783
5783 Tense - Second Pluperfect

    The second pluperfect is identical in meaning to that of the
    normal or "first" pluperfect tense.  It has no additional
    meaning or effect on English translation, and merely reflects
    a spelling variation in Greek.

5784
5784 Voice - Active

    The active voice represents the subject as the doer or
    performer of the action.  e.g., in the sentence, "The
    boy hit the ball," the boy performs the action.

5785
5785 Voice - Middle

    The middle voice indicates the subject performing an action
    upon himself (reflexive action) or for his own benefit.  E.g.,
    "The boy groomed himself."  Many verbs which occur only in
    middle voice forms are translated in English as having an
    active sense; these are called "deponent" verbs, and do not
    comply with the normal requirements for the middle voice.

5786
5786 Voice - Passive

    The passive voice represents the subject as being the
    recipient of the action.  E.g., in the sentence, "The boy was
    hit by the ball," the boy receives the action.

5787
5787 Voice - Either Middle or Passive

    Many of the so-called "deponent" verbs can have either a
    middle or passive form.  These are normally translated as
    having an active voice, since they have no active form in
    their outward spelling.  At times, however, they retain their
    middle or passive significance.

5788
5788 Voice - Middle Deponent

    The middle deponent forms in almost all cases are translated
    as being in the active voice.

    See "Active" # 5784

5789
5789 Voice - Passive Deponent

    The passive deponent forms in almost all cases are translated
    as being in the passive voice.

    See "Passive" # 5786

5790
5790 Voice - Middle or Passive Deponent

    The middle or passive deponent forms in almost all cases are
    translated as being in the active voice.

    See "Active" # 5784

5791
5791 Mood - Indicative

    The indicative mood is a simple statement of fact.  If an
    action really occurs or has occurred or will occur, it will be
    rendered in the indicative mood.

5792
5792 Mood - Subjunctive

    The subjunctive mood is the mood of possibility and
    potentiality.  The action described may or may not occur,
    depending upon circumstances.  Conditional sentences of the
    third class ("ean" + the subjunctive) are all of this type, as
    well as many commands following conditional purpose clauses,
    such as those beginning with "hina."

5793
5793 Mood - Optative

    The optative mood is generally used in the so-called
    "fourth-class" conditions which express a wish or desire for
    an action to occur in which the completion of such is
    doubtful.  By the time of the New Testament, the optative mood
    was beginning to disappear from spoken and written Greek, and
    such rarely occurs in the New Testament.

    In a few cases, verbs in the optative mood stand apart from a
    conditional clause to express the strongest possible wish
    regarding an event.  The most common of these appears in the
    phrase "mh genoito" (AV,"God forbid"; NKJV "Certainly not").

5794
5794 Mood - Imperative

    The imperative mood corresponds to the English imperative, and
    expresses a command to the hearer to perform a certain action
    by the order and authority of the one commanding.  Thus,
    Jesus' phrase, "Repent ye, and believe the gospel" #Mr 1:15
    is not at all an "invitation," but an absolute command
    requiring full obedience on the part of all hearers.

5795
5795 Mood - Infinitive

    The Greek infinitive mood in most cases corresponds to the
    English infinitive, which is basically the verb with "to"
    prefixed, as "to believe."

    Like the English infinitive, the Greek infinitive can be used
    like a noun phrase ("It is better to live than to die"), as
    well as to reflect purpose or result ("This was done to
    fulfil what the prophet said").

5796
5796 Mood - Participle

    The Greek participle corresponds for the most part to the
    English participle, reflecting "-ing" or "-ed" being suffixed
    to the basic verb form.  The participle can be used either
    like a verb or a noun, as in English, and thus is often termed
    a "verbal noun."

5797
5797 Mood - Impersonal

    The impersonal mood is used only in a few verb forms which do
    not conjugate in the full sense.  The most common of these is
    the Greek word "dei," which is most often rendered "it is
    necessary" or "one must."

5798
5798 Mood - Imperative-Sense Participle

    This reflects a Greek participle which implies that a command
    to perform the action is implicit, even though it is not
    outwardly or directly expressed.

5799
5799 No Tense or Voice Stated

    In a number of places certain verbs are cited in Perschbacher's
    "The New Analytical Greek Lexicon" which do not have any tense
    or voice directly stated.

    In almost all of these cases, one can assume that the tense is
    Present and the voice is Active, especially when the sense is
    that of a command (Imperative).

    See "Present" # 5774
    See "Active"  # 5784